{"id":1850,"date":"2024-11-06T21:27:29","date_gmt":"2024-11-06T21:27:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lepigeonnier.techniquesmedia.com\/?p=1850"},"modified":"2024-11-06T21:27:29","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T21:27:29","slug":"les-changements-climatiques-menacent-le-golfe-saint-laurent-et-ses-mammiferes-marins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lepigeonnier.techniquesmedia.com\/?p=1850","title":{"rendered":"Les changements climatiques menacent le golfe Saint-Laurent et ses mammif\u00e8res marins"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Rapha\u00eblle Charbonneau – 2e ann\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le trafic maritime et les changements climatiques caus\u00e9s par l\u2019homme ont un impact majeur sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes du golfe Saint-Laurent et perturbent l\u2019observation de ses mammif\u00e8res marins. Il s’agit de l’un des rares endroits sur Terre o\u00f9 il est possible de les observer depuis ses c\u00f4tes.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019alimentation des mammif\u00e8res marins est perturb\u00e9e par l\u2019humain. En 2019, une \u00e9tude men\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00e9quipe du chercheur Jory Cabrol, affili\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 qu\u2019en raison des changements de leur \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me, les rorquals communs changent leur alimentation. Leurs trajectoires sont \u00e9galement touch\u00e9es. Les chercheurs du Groupe de recherche et d\u2019\u00e9ducation sur les mammif\u00e8res marins (GREMM) remarquent que certains mammif\u00e8res restent beaucoup moins longtemps dans l\u2019estuaire de Tadoussac comparativement aux ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Il y a eu un changement dans les courants marins, avant c\u2019\u00e9tait le courant froid du Labrador qui entrait dans l\u2019estuaire. Il y a eu des changements de vents en lien avec les changements climatiques alors que maintenant, c\u2019est l\u2019eau chaude du Gulf Stream qui entre dans l\u2019estuaire. En profondeur, l\u2019eau du Saint-Laurent a moins d\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne qu\u2019avant, il y a moins de nutriments qui sont pr\u00e9sents et donc moins de proies pour les mammif\u00e8res marins \u00bb, affirme la r\u00e9dactrice en chef de Baleines en direct pour le GREMM, Andr\u00e9anne Forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le trafic maritime marchand et touristique dans le golfe Saint-Laurent est \u00e9galement un probl\u00e8me pour les mammif\u00e8res marins. Depuis 2013, des mesures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises en place avec la concertation des pilotes et du Parc marin du Saguenay Saint-Laurent pour ralentir la vitesse des navires. Ces changements r\u00e9duisent les risques de collisions et diminuent le bruit. \u00ab Les b\u00e9lugas communiquent entre eux par fr\u00e9quences sonores, alors le bruit des bateaux vient perturber leurs communications, remarque Andr\u00e9anne Forest.  S\u2019il y a des bateaux qui sont autour, elle sortira moins de fois pour respirer, donc elle plonge moins profond et elle a acc\u00e8s \u00e0 moins de nourriture \u00bb, explique l\u2019employ\u00e9e du GREMM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u2019est pourquoi les parcs marins encadr\u00e9s par les gouvernements provincial et f\u00e9d\u00e9ral instaurent des normes. La loi f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de la r\u00e9glementation des activit\u00e9s en mer qui vise la protection des mammif\u00e8res marins par exemple, dicte les comportements \u00e0 adopter en pr\u00e9sence des baleines selon le type d\u2019embarcation, les distances d\u2019approche et les vitesses \u00e0 respecter, explique la gestionnaire des relations externes de l\u2019unit\u00e9 de gestion du Parc marin du Saguenay Saint-Laurent, Marie-Sophie Giroux. Son r\u00f4le est de maintenir et d\u2019appuyer la restauration de la biodiversit\u00e9. \u00ab Un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me fort et en sant\u00e9 sera beaucoup plus r\u00e9silient et se rel\u00e8vera beaucoup plus vite face aux changements climatiques \u00bb, confirme Mme Giroux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(Cr\u00e9dit photo : Rapha\u00eblle Charbonneau)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rapha\u00eblle Charbonneau – 2e ann\u00e9e Le trafic maritime et les changements climatiques caus\u00e9s par l\u2019homme ont un impact majeur sur … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":93,"featured_media":1852,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"yes","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,379],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualite","category-deuxieme"],"yoast_head":"\nLes changements climatiques menacent le golfe Saint-Laurent et ses mammif\u00e8res marins - Le Pigeonnier<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lepigeonnier.techniquesmedia.com\/?p=1850\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les changements climatiques menacent le golfe Saint-Laurent et ses mammif\u00e8res marins - 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